Electrolysis in synthetic organic chemistry has a rich history dating back to the 19th century. Many advances have been done with the use of electrolysis in the past, e.g. Kolbe’s decarboxylative dimerization, ¹ Tafel’s electrolytic rearrangement, ² Simmons’s C-H fluorination.³ Since then the popularity of the electrolysis in synthetic organic chemistry has drastically decreased.

Glycosylation of certain proteins by oxygen-linked mannose (O-mannose) is known as O-mannosylation, and this process is essential for growth and development in animals.^1-4 Defective O-mannosylation of α-dystroglycan, the most well studied O-mannosylated mammalian protein, leads to congenital muscular dystrophies and neurological defects.^4-6 Mannose is linked to proteins through the serine or threonine side chain oxygen.

The extensive use of fossil fuels in industrial and transportation have arisen some issues for the environment such as air pollution, rises in sea level and frequency of extreme weather events.^[1] In order to lessen those negative effects of using fossil fuels, a sustainable source of renewable energy is needed to achieve the zero-carbon emission target.

Recently, transition metal trichalcogenides (MX₃), a class of quasi-1D van der Waals materials, have revealed remarkable properties such as high current breakdown density and exceptional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding.^1-3 Their unique properties are attributed to their pseudo-one-dimensional electronic structure with strong in-plane anisotropy and single crystalline structure.

Approximately 35% of all drugs currently in clinical use target a single family of proteins: G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs).^[1] Due to the therapeutic importance of this class of proteins, it should be no surprise that proteins involved in regulating signaling initiated by GPCRs are gathering attention as potential drug targets. One such family of proteins is known as the Regulators of G-protein Signaling (RGS).

Biotherapeutic drugs present new analytical challenges to the drug development and quality control process. Unlike traditional small molecule drugs where synthetic choices can be tightly controlled, biotherapeutic drugs rely on the integrity of host cell biosynthetic machinery to manufacture the drug. The host cells themselves also present an issue where the biotherapeutic product can be contaminated with trace amounts of host cell proteins (HCPs).

The Isotopic Detection of Aminosugars With Glutamine (IDAWG) method was originally developed for the glycomics field as a quantitative tool that takes advantage of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, isotopically labeling nitrogen-containing glycans in cell culture systems via the use of ¹⁵N-Gln^1,2.

Polymer interface science is broadening its area to nanotechnologies, medicine, and biotechnology.