Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique, but one of the biggest challenges is in differentiating stereoisomers. Techniques such as NMR and X-ray are good at this, but they typically require pure samples and significantly greater amounts of material than mass spectrometry. We have developed a simple mass spectrometry method that can differentiate pentoses and hexoses, and determine the linkage position and anomericity of disaccharides at nanomolar concentrations in complex mixtures.

Transition state theory is chemistry’s most important quantitative method for the calculation of rates and qualitative framework for the understanding of rates. Some flaws and limitations of transition state theory were apparent at its beginning, while others have become apparent in recent years from a growing number of reactions found to exhibit “dynamic effects,” that is, experimental kinetic observations that cannot be predicted or understood from statistical rate theories.

Hydrogen sulfide is one of three important gaseous transmitter molecules in mammalian biology. The presence and absence of gasotransmitters have been linked to various processes and disfunctions in the body, from vasodilation to Alzheimer's disease in hydrogen sulfide's case. As a result, there is a substantial push in research to make gasotransmitter-donating systems for biomedical applications.

Nanoscale polymeric particles, in particular self-assembled block copolymer micelles, have been utilized in pharmaceutics for development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic modalities. Advantages of the polymeric micelles include their small size, long circulation in bloodstream, ability to circumvent renal excretion and extravasation at sites of enhanced vascular permeability. They can be designed to facilitate the incorporation of a variety of compounds or even particles through a combination of electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bonding interactions.

When the hyperothermophilic anaerobic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus is grown using elemental sulfur as the terminal electron acceptor, an iron-sulfur storage protein, IssA, is the most highly upregulated protein. IssA stores iron and sulfide as an inorganic anionic polymer of linear ferric sulfide chains with two sulfides bridging each pair of ferric ions. Compounds with this structure are known as thioferrates. Thioferrates occur naturally as the mineral erdite.

In the past decade, two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials has been an active area of research due to their unique mechanical and electronic properties.¹ MoS₂ nanosheets is one of the most studied 2D nanomaterial.

Analysis of various studies conducted using shock tubes in order to determine products, mechanisms, as well as rate coefficients and kinetics. The use of shock tubes allow for highly reproducible and precise studies of high-temperature environments and allow for the study of the products and reactions caused with the introduction of these extreme conditions.  

Electrodeposition is a low cost, room temperature method for the deposition of semiconductor thin films. Using Electrochemical Atomic Layer Deposition (EALD) and Potential Pulse Atomic Layer Deposition (PPALD), films with atomic layer control can be achieved. By reducing one monolayer of one element onto the substrate, followed by a molecular layer of a second element, films of varying thicknesses can be made. These films can be used in such applications as photoanodes in solar cells or as a phase change material in computer memory.

This portrait of a young man was previously described as a “heavily restored pastiche” of “dubious authenticity.” Technical investigation reveals evidence of its ancient materials and its modern recreation. This study combines stylistic and iconographic evaluation with materials analysis and multispectral imaging to map the many fragments within this portrait and clarify their associations. This study reappraises the Carlos portrait to consider its place in the repertoire of 2nd century CE mummy portraits.