Biotherapeutic drugs present new analytical challenges to the drug development and quality control process. Unlike traditional small molecule drugs where synthetic choices can be tightly controlled, biotherapeutic drugs rely on the integrity of host cell biosynthetic machinery to manufacture the drug. The host cells themselves also present an issue where the biotherapeutic product can be contaminated with trace amounts of host cell proteins (HCPs).

For complex molecular systems, computational methods can provide fine details that are not readily available from experimental methods. However, some insight can only come from thorough exploration of the potential energy surface (PES) for a molecular system. Exhaustive PES exploration using quantum mechanical methods is very time- and resource-consuming.

Alginate is a family of natural origin polysaccharides which could be utilized in hydrogel preparation at mild pH and physiological conditions. The hydrogel based on alginate performed particular relevance on wound dressing materials for the treatment of acute or chronic wounds due to the high water content, biocompatibility, flexibility, porosity, smoothness and ability to incorporate and release therapeutic agents.

Gene expression and transcription are critical for a variety of cellular processes and are controlled not only by DNA sequence and transcription factors but also by epigenetic regulation¹. Epigenetic regulation requires site-specific modification of the genome and is involved in multiple physiological processes and disease etiology¹.

The production of commodity plastic is predicted to increase substantially in upcoming decades.¹ Many common plastics are derived from petroleum, which is a finite resource.

Cyclopropenone is an organic compound consisting of cyclopropene framework with a ketone functional group. It has been found in various natural compounds. Cyclopropenone can also undergo different kinds of reactions but most of the reactions can be categorized to nucleophilic attack and decarbonylation. Although photodecarbonylation is the one of the most common reaction of cyclopropenones, there is very little agreement in the literature on the photoactivation mechanism.

Isomeric ortho- and para-quinone methides, while possessing similar electronic structures, show very different properties. o-Quinone methides (oQM) are more reactive towards nucleophiles and undergo very fast and efficient inverse electron-demand-Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction with electron-rich alkenes. p-Quinone methide, while also acting as Michael acceptors, is not reactive in IEDDA.

Euphorbia is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, comprising more than 2,000 species.^1,2 Many of them have long been used in herbal folk medicine. In 2016 and 2018, Qiu and co-workers isolated five diterpenoids, pepluacetal and pepluanols A–D, from Euphorbia peplus.^3,4 All five compounds show effective inhibitory activity on the K_V1.3 voltage-gated potassium channel.

How non-covalent interactions contribute to gas-phase bond energies.

What is the design behind Vitamin B12?