Tags: Analytical Seminar


Improving the Chemical Synthesis of Peptides and Proteins

In 1963 solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) was introduced by Merrifield. Since then, the chemical synthesis of short peptides became routine. However, synthesis of long peptides remains difficult, being time demanding and offering lower yields as the size of the desired chain increases. Likewise, the synthesis of small proteins was not possible until the development of Native Chemical Ligation (NCL), a technique for ligation of peptides to…


Overview of Reverse Transcription Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is an in vitro enzymatic method used to amplify specific DNA sequences. The simple concept of PCR relies upon the repeated synthesis of targeted DNA using DNA polymerase enzyme. Conceived by Kary Mullis in 1983, PCR has now become a common and often indispensable technique that is used in clinical laboratory and medical laboratory research for a broad variety of applications including biomedical research and…


The synchronization of cellular clocks in Neurospora crassa

Collective behavior is seen in a variety of biological organizations, varying from the collective attack of viruses on bacterial cells to troops of baboons. This may lead to the synchronized oscillations that includes either fire flies or cells being able to synchronize their time clocks. This can be observed with humans as well, where individual cells synchronize into circadian rhythms. Previously, we were able to establish the properties that…


Application of Polarimetry in Ocean Color Sensing

Phytoplankton constitute the base the of the aquatic food web and are a primary driver of biogeochemical processes in the ocean. The concentration of chlorophyll-α ([Chl-α]) were being used as a proxy to quantify phytoplankton activity in ocean. Its concentration in ocean can be obtained through analysis spectral bands variance in remote sensing reflectance measurement(e.g. SeaWIFS Chl-α algorithm), which was widely used for being the most…


Techniques and Applications in Characterizing Atmospheric Particles through Chemical Imaging

The physical and chemical characterization of atmospheric aerosol particles proves challenging due to the nature and complexity of these particles in the atmosphere. The properties of aerosol particles are dependent on a multitude of factors including, but not limited to, the aerosol properties, such as source, morphology, and mixing state, as well as atmospheric influences, such as reactions, transport, and ambient temperature and humidity.…


Bio-based and Biodegradable Glutarate Polyesters from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Apisata Holt1,2, Yajan Yan1,2,3, and Jason Locklin1,2,3 1Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, United States, 2New Materials Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, United States, 3College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, United States   Recently, the development of bio-based polymers has attracted considerable attention, due to its compostable and…


Nanoparticles to enhance PDT-mediated cancer immunotherapy by targeting the indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) pathway

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively new cancer treatment modality where light is used to activate photosensitizer molecules to produce toxic radicals.1 Recently, PDT is found to induce anticancer immunity while killing cancer cells. However, the immunity is often not strong enough to prevent systemic tumor control or tumor recurrence.2 To overcome this challenge, anti-cancer immunotherapies are often combined to improve therapeutic…


Porous Polymer Monoliths and Their Chromatographic Applications

Chromatography, despite being a technique over a century old, is a staple in modern chemical analysis. Its applications have become so broad since its inception due to developments in instrumentation, such as high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography, and equally so due to the chemistries and structures of the stationary phases. Traditional chromatography columns are packed with fine particles of a porous mineral such as…


Polarized Optical Microscopy: Understanding crystalline morphology and manipulations in biopolymer Polylactic acid (PLA)

Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM) is a technique used to quantitatively and qualitatively characterize birefringent samples. Image contrast arises from the optically anisotropic samples interacting with plane polarized light to produce two individual, perpendicular wave components. POM is commonly used to study crystalline morphology in plastics and composites, as well as to visualize fundamental polymer orientations and crystallization…


Positron Emission Tomography (PET): Fundamentals and Clinical Applications

Positron emission tomography (PET), a nuclear medicine technique, has been applied as an effective clinical tool to diagnose physiological metabolic process based on different functional radiotracers. Most commonly used radiotracer is [18F]Fluorodexyglucose ([18F]FDG), which plays an important role in PET imaging in oncology, cardiology and neurology.[1]18F is an unstable neutron-deficient isotope and can go through positron decay, during which…
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